There are different natural disasters that take place time after time Some of these are hurricanes and earthquakes, which appear to be very devastating natural disasters. However, volcanoes may have a wider-ranging impact compared to them.
A Volcanoes happens to be a rupture on a planetary mass object’s crust, which make it possible for hot lava, gasses, and volcanic ash to leak from the magma chamber underneath the surface.
How Volcanoes WorkPlate Tectonics- The volcanoes of the earth have quite an amazing science behind them. They happen because the crust of the earth is broken into seventeen key, rigid tectonic plates, which float on some hotter, softer layer within the earth’s mantle. Consequently, volcanoes on earth occur mainly where the tectonic plates are converging or diverging. For instance, volcanoes at the pacific ring of fire happen due to convergent tectonic plates that are coming together. Volcanoes at a mid-oceanic ridge, for instance, the Mid-Atlantic ridge occur due to divergent tectonic plates that are pulling together.
Hot spots- They can as well form where there is thinning and stretching of the interior plates of the crust. Good examples include the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field, the E. African Rift, and the North America’s Rio Grande Rift. This is a type of volcanism categorized under plate hypothesis volcanism. Volcanism far from plate borders has as well been described as mantle plumes. Hot spots like Hawaii are assumed to rise from outpouring diapirs with magma, from the core-mantle edge, three thousand kilometers deep within the earth. Note that volcanoes are not usually created where 2 tectonic plates slide past each other.
Dangers of Volcanoes
There are various volcanic eruption types such as phreatic eruptions, high silica lava explosive eruptions, low-silica lava effusive eruption, and carbon dioxide emission among others. Such activities pose hazards to humans. In addition, hot springs, earthquakes, mud pots, fumaroles, and geysers, mostly accompany volcanoes.
Erupting volcanoes may pose various dangers even outside the immediate eruption vicinity. Volcanic ash may be a threat to aircraft, particularly those with jet engines. Here, high operating temperatures melt ash particles, which follow the urban blades altering their shape, disrupting their operation. Huge eruptions may affect temperatures as sulfuric acid’s droplets and ash obscure the sun and cool the lower atmosphere of the earth (the troposphere). On the other hand, they as well absorb the earth’s up radiated heat warming its upper atmosphere (stratosphere). Volcanic winters are known to cause catastrophic famines.